He doesn't explain in the book, but a quick search indicates that Lewis was referring to the mathematical term "highest common factor". (This is the same thing as "greatest common divisor".)
In the context of "Mere Christianity", Lewis is using this term to mean those beliefs and practices that all Christians share, but that are not shared by non-Christians. It's what Lewis considered to be the core of Christianity that remains once the differences between Catholics, Episcopalians, Methodist, Presbyterians, etc., are all stripped away.
In "Mere Christianity", Lewis attempts to explain what this HCF or common ground for Christianity actually is.
What does H.C.F. stand for as referenced in Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis?
This is just a guess... Holy Christian Faith... maybe.
That would be a reference to the sacrifice gospel preached by Paul. But of course Jesus preached the Kingdom Gospel which was an entirely different thing.
chrysanthemum
Tuesday, July 14, 2009
What is the meaning of B.C. and A.D. and why we use it?
Is it right that we are in 2007A.D.? how do we use B.C. and A.D.? what is the reference point? Is it After death of Christ? or B.C. before Christ?
What is the meaning of B.C. and A.D. and why we use it?
B.C.=Before Christ
A.D.=After Death
Reply:Basically, you've got it. The cross-over point is the birth of Christ, BC= Before Christ, AD=Anno Domini (Year of our Lord). There was no year 0 (although I've had a professor of math try to tell me there has to be because if you look at any number-line, there's always a 0 between -1 and +1). Technically, there wouldn't have been a 1BC AND a 1AD (unless Christ was born midnight December 31), since the same year would've been partially both.
The current preferred terminology is BCE (Before Christian Era) and CE (Christian Era) to recognise the fact that when historians originally dated the birth of Christ, they got it wrong and Christ was actually born in the year "called" 5BC. But clearly Christ can't be born before He was born and equally clearly we can't redate every book, every document, every medical and legal record, etc. so BCE/CE was chosen as a means of indicating "we know the calendar is out by 5 years and the actual date is 2012 but we're going to keep on using the current numbering system".
Reply:A.D means anno domini which is a year in the christian era and B.C means before christ
Reply:It used to be Before Christ and Anno Domino which is Latin for, I think, the year of our Lord. It seems to me people are now saying Before the Common era for B.C. I guess it's PC to use that now.
Reply:BC stands for "Before Christ". AD stands for "Anno Domini", which is Latin for "In the year of our Lord". They're Chrisitan references using the birth of Christ as the reference point. Some people are now using "BCE" (Before Common Era) and "CE" (Common Era) instead.
Reply:In Catholic terms...
A.D = After Death
B.C = Before Christ
but..
In more Modern terms..
B.C.E = Before Common Era
C.E = Common Era
Reply:Actually, now we use B.C.E and C.E. Before Common Era and Common Era. That's because AD means ano domine (in the year of our Lord) but not everyone believes in Christ as being Lord and Savior. So, now we use less religious words.
Reply:yes we are in 2007 AD. and b.c means before christ and a.d means after the death of christ.
Reply:B.C.-Before Christ
A.D.- Anno Domini (the Year of of Our Lord-birth of Christ)
We use it to describe timeframes and give a reference point to time. A.D. does not refer to the death of Christ.
Reply:0BC was the year christ died. then it was 1 AD,
12bc 11bc 10bc.....0......10AD 11ad 12ad
and so on.
Reply:Anno Domini (Latin : "In the year of (Our) Lord"), abbreviated as AD or A.D., defines an epoch based on the traditionally reckoned year of the conception or birth of Jesus of Nazareth. AD is also an abbreviation for Christian Era. Similarly, Before Christ (from the Ancient Greek "Christos" or "Anointed One", referring to Jesus), abbreviated as BC or B.C., is used in the English language to denote years before the start of this epoch.
The designation is used to number years in the Christian Era, conventionally used with the Julian and Gregorian calendars. More fully, years may be also specified as Anno Domini Nostri Iesu (Jesu) Christi ("In the Year of Our Lord Jesus Christ"). 'Anno Domini' dating was first calculated in 525 and began to be adopted in Western Europe during the 8th century.
The numbering of years per the Christian era is currently dominant in many places around the world, in both commercial and scientific use. For decades, it has been the global standard, recognized by international institutions such as the United Nations and the Universal Postal Union. This is due to the prevalence of Christianity in the Western world, the great influence of the Western world on science, technology and commerce, as well as the fact that the solar Gregorian calendar has, for a long time, been considered to be astronomically correct
Reply:AD stands for the year Christ was born in, not after he died.
Its short for Anno Domini, meaning "In the year of our Lord"
Reply:BC means before Christ AD stands for anno Domini and was used after Christ died.
What is the meaning of B.C. and A.D. and why we use it?
B.C.=Before Christ
A.D.=After Death
Reply:Basically, you've got it. The cross-over point is the birth of Christ, BC= Before Christ, AD=Anno Domini (Year of our Lord). There was no year 0 (although I've had a professor of math try to tell me there has to be because if you look at any number-line, there's always a 0 between -1 and +1). Technically, there wouldn't have been a 1BC AND a 1AD (unless Christ was born midnight December 31), since the same year would've been partially both.
The current preferred terminology is BCE (Before Christian Era) and CE (Christian Era) to recognise the fact that when historians originally dated the birth of Christ, they got it wrong and Christ was actually born in the year "called" 5BC. But clearly Christ can't be born before He was born and equally clearly we can't redate every book, every document, every medical and legal record, etc. so BCE/CE was chosen as a means of indicating "we know the calendar is out by 5 years and the actual date is 2012 but we're going to keep on using the current numbering system".
Reply:A.D means anno domini which is a year in the christian era and B.C means before christ
Reply:It used to be Before Christ and Anno Domino which is Latin for, I think, the year of our Lord. It seems to me people are now saying Before the Common era for B.C. I guess it's PC to use that now.
Reply:BC stands for "Before Christ". AD stands for "Anno Domini", which is Latin for "In the year of our Lord". They're Chrisitan references using the birth of Christ as the reference point. Some people are now using "BCE" (Before Common Era) and "CE" (Common Era) instead.
Reply:In Catholic terms...
A.D = After Death
B.C = Before Christ
but..
In more Modern terms..
B.C.E = Before Common Era
C.E = Common Era
Reply:Actually, now we use B.C.E and C.E. Before Common Era and Common Era. That's because AD means ano domine (in the year of our Lord) but not everyone believes in Christ as being Lord and Savior. So, now we use less religious words.
Reply:yes we are in 2007 AD. and b.c means before christ and a.d means after the death of christ.
Reply:B.C.-Before Christ
A.D.- Anno Domini (the Year of of Our Lord-birth of Christ)
We use it to describe timeframes and give a reference point to time. A.D. does not refer to the death of Christ.
Reply:0BC was the year christ died. then it was 1 AD,
12bc 11bc 10bc.....0......10AD 11ad 12ad
and so on.
Reply:Anno Domini (Latin : "In the year of (Our) Lord"), abbreviated as AD or A.D., defines an epoch based on the traditionally reckoned year of the conception or birth of Jesus of Nazareth. AD is also an abbreviation for Christian Era. Similarly, Before Christ (from the Ancient Greek "Christos" or "Anointed One", referring to Jesus), abbreviated as BC or B.C., is used in the English language to denote years before the start of this epoch.
The designation is used to number years in the Christian Era, conventionally used with the Julian and Gregorian calendars. More fully, years may be also specified as Anno Domini Nostri Iesu (Jesu) Christi ("In the Year of Our Lord Jesus Christ"). 'Anno Domini' dating was first calculated in 525 and began to be adopted in Western Europe during the 8th century.
The numbering of years per the Christian era is currently dominant in many places around the world, in both commercial and scientific use. For decades, it has been the global standard, recognized by international institutions such as the United Nations and the Universal Postal Union. This is due to the prevalence of Christianity in the Western world, the great influence of the Western world on science, technology and commerce, as well as the fact that the solar Gregorian calendar has, for a long time, been considered to be astronomically correct
Reply:AD stands for the year Christ was born in, not after he died.
Its short for Anno Domini, meaning "In the year of our Lord"
Reply:BC means before Christ AD stands for anno Domini and was used after Christ died.
Can you reference a referenced fact?
If you are writing a scientific paper, and there is a fact which is stated and referenced in another paper, and you want to use that fact in your paper...
A. Do you have find the original article and look for the fact and cite it
B. Or do you just cite the reference without having to look it up
C. Or can you just cite the paper where you found the fact?
Can you reference a referenced fact?
C.u can just cite the paper where u found the fact
Reply:you should look it up, just in case it was referenced wrong. Usually that doesn't happen, but you never know.
A. Do you have find the original article and look for the fact and cite it
B. Or do you just cite the reference without having to look it up
C. Or can you just cite the paper where you found the fact?
Can you reference a referenced fact?
C.u can just cite the paper where u found the fact
Reply:you should look it up, just in case it was referenced wrong. Usually that doesn't happen, but you never know.
If an object is moving to a distant point at a speed approaching c, does the distance in between contract?
According to the Lorentz Transformation, an object, as observed from a "stationary" frame of reference, moving at a speed approaching c will contract in the direction parallel to the direction of motion.
Say an object is moving towards a distant star with a speed approaching c. The length of the moving object will contract in the direction of motion as observed from an outside frame.
Here's the question: Can't it be said that the distance between the moving object and the distant star it's traveling towards is also contracting?
I'm not talking about the fact that the object is moving towards the star, %26amp; that's why it's getting closer. I mean that the effects of the Lorentz Transformation are also contributing to the contraction of the distance.
If an object is moving to a distant point at a speed approaching c, does the distance in between contract?
yes, and this is actually observed in nature. fast atomic nuclei constantly rain down on earth, and sometimes, one will strike an atomic nucleus in earth's upper atmosphere. when one does, a particle called a muon is created. muons are very short-lived and should not have time enough to make it to the surface, but they do. the muons are traveling so fast that they see the distance between the upper atmosphere, where they originated, and the surface, where we detect them, as much shorter than we do so they have enough time to travel the short distance before decaying. also, we see the time of the muon dilated so much that they exist long enough to reach the surface.
Reply:yes it contracts but in the frame of the objet, in the rest frame the length is still the same
Reply:Yes and No.
In the "Frame of Reference" yes, in the "real universe," no. You can't actually make shortcuts in nature yet. And any Shortening is illusionary based upon the principle of your approach "towards the speed of light" and not based in the "universe at large." So, when you "slow back down" the illusion drops and you find yourself further away than you expected. However, you have to realize, that according to those "observing you" you yourself "forshortened also." Meaning what was a 1,000 ft spaceshp may have looked only 100 ft long when obseved from outside in the regular universe. However, this too was corrected when speed approached "normal velocities."
Reply:It is the length of the object itself, measured from the original "at rest" frame of reference, that contracts, and the mass increases. At C the length is zero, and the mass is infinite, obviously asymptotic (not achievable).
Time also slows, and this has been tested at much lower speeds with extremely accurate cesium clocks.
Reply:Yes
Reply:Yes. That's why ultra-relativistic muons are able to make it to detectors here on Earth before decaying.
Say an object is moving towards a distant star with a speed approaching c. The length of the moving object will contract in the direction of motion as observed from an outside frame.
Here's the question: Can't it be said that the distance between the moving object and the distant star it's traveling towards is also contracting?
I'm not talking about the fact that the object is moving towards the star, %26amp; that's why it's getting closer. I mean that the effects of the Lorentz Transformation are also contributing to the contraction of the distance.
If an object is moving to a distant point at a speed approaching c, does the distance in between contract?
yes, and this is actually observed in nature. fast atomic nuclei constantly rain down on earth, and sometimes, one will strike an atomic nucleus in earth's upper atmosphere. when one does, a particle called a muon is created. muons are very short-lived and should not have time enough to make it to the surface, but they do. the muons are traveling so fast that they see the distance between the upper atmosphere, where they originated, and the surface, where we detect them, as much shorter than we do so they have enough time to travel the short distance before decaying. also, we see the time of the muon dilated so much that they exist long enough to reach the surface.
Reply:yes it contracts but in the frame of the objet, in the rest frame the length is still the same
Reply:Yes and No.
In the "Frame of Reference" yes, in the "real universe," no. You can't actually make shortcuts in nature yet. And any Shortening is illusionary based upon the principle of your approach "towards the speed of light" and not based in the "universe at large." So, when you "slow back down" the illusion drops and you find yourself further away than you expected. However, you have to realize, that according to those "observing you" you yourself "forshortened also." Meaning what was a 1,000 ft spaceshp may have looked only 100 ft long when obseved from outside in the regular universe. However, this too was corrected when speed approached "normal velocities."
Reply:It is the length of the object itself, measured from the original "at rest" frame of reference, that contracts, and the mass increases. At C the length is zero, and the mass is infinite, obviously asymptotic (not achievable).
Time also slows, and this has been tested at much lower speeds with extremely accurate cesium clocks.
Reply:Yes
Reply:Yes. That's why ultra-relativistic muons are able to make it to detectors here on Earth before decaying.
What does R.S., 1985, c. 30 (4th Supp.) means in Canadian law?
I have to translate a Canadian Act: Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Act R.S.,1985, c 30 (4th Supp). From what I understand "R.S.,1985, c 30 (4th Supp)" is like a reference but what I don't understand is that why after that it says " [1988, c 37, assented to 28 July, 1988]? What happens with the year 1988? Or chapter 37? And why "assented to 28 July 1988" while the reference after the title of the Act is R,S, 1985.....? That means it became an Act in 1988 but it was published in the RS in 1985? And what is a Supplement exactly? Anyone who knows about this, please help. I am so desperate.
What does R.S., 1985, c. 30 (4th Supp.) means in Canadian law?
It mean is was a 1988 Act which was supplement by the 1985 revision act which suppose to add on, change or delete something from the 1988 Act
daffodil
What does R.S., 1985, c. 30 (4th Supp.) means in Canadian law?
It mean is was a 1988 Act which was supplement by the 1985 revision act which suppose to add on, change or delete something from the 1988 Act
daffodil
There are two types of ____ parameters: value parameters and reference parameters.?
There are two types of ____ parameters: value parameters and reference parameters.
A. actual
B. formal
C. active
D. passive
There are two types of ____ parameters: value parameters and reference parameters.?
The answer should be A. Because a formal parameter is just a dummy parameter.
Value parameter is the one that is just a copy of one parameter. and reference parameter is the one that contains the pointer to one parameter. when reference parameter is changed the original value is changed. but it does not happen in the case of value parameter.
A. actual
B. formal
C. active
D. passive
There are two types of ____ parameters: value parameters and reference parameters.?
The answer should be A. Because a formal parameter is just a dummy parameter.
Value parameter is the one that is just a copy of one parameter. and reference parameter is the one that contains the pointer to one parameter. when reference parameter is changed the original value is changed. but it does not happen in the case of value parameter.
C++ which two types of parameters? (more details)?
There are two types of ____ parameters: value parameters and reference parameters.?
A. actual
B. formal
C. active
D. passive
the test says the answer is A. but in the book it shows the answer as being B. so I'm really confused %26gt;_%26lt;
C++ which two types of parameters? (more details)?
They are function parameters so the answer is B - formal.
Value parameters are used to pass information into a function. Reference parameters are used to pass information in and out of a function.
i.e. type function-name (formal parameter type list);
A. actual
B. formal
C. active
D. passive
the test says the answer is A. but in the book it shows the answer as being B. so I'm really confused %26gt;_%26lt;
C++ which two types of parameters? (more details)?
They are function parameters so the answer is B - formal.
Value parameters are used to pass information into a function. Reference parameters are used to pass information in and out of a function.
i.e. type function-name (formal parameter type list);
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